Present Continuous-Ingles

Present Continuous.

El "present continuous" de cualquier verbo se compone de dos partes: el presente del verbo to be + el "present participle" del verbo principal.

(Para formar el "present participle": raíz+ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving, smiling)

Past Perfect, Present Perfect-Ingles

 Past perfect, Present perfect.

Past Perfect:

The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past. It does not matter which event is mentioned first - the tense makes it clear which one happened first.

Present Perfect:

The "present perfect" of any verb is composed of two elements: the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to have (at present) and the "past participle" the main verb. The shape of the "past participle" is a regular verb root + ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked. As for the irregular verbs, see Table of irregular verbs 'verbs' section.

Used to/ Would- Inglés

Used To/ Would

Used to

It is usually followed by an infinitive: We used to swim in the river.But sometimes the following infinitive is left out: ♦ I don’t play golf now, but I used to.

Used to only exists as a past tense.

Questions and negatives are usually formed with ‘did’ + use to (with no ‘d’): Did you use to work here? ♦ We didn’t use to earn much. The spelling ‘did used to’ is sometimes used, but many people think that this is wrong.

In formal English, negatives are often formed with used not to: They used not to allow shops to be open on Sundays. The short forms usen’t to and usedn’t to are sometimes used, but they sound rather formal and old-fashioned.

Would

we use it for repeated actions or routines in the past. We do not use Would with stative verbs, because they describe states and not actions. 

Example: We used to/would go camping by the river. (we don´t go camping anymore).

Using "would" in place of "used to" when talking about actions done multiple times in the past is exceedingly common in everyday speech.

The Passive-Inglés

The Passive Voice 

The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a sentence rather than subject. This means that the subject is either less important than the action itself or that we don’t know who or what the subject is.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

• the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
• the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
• the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Conditionals-Ingles

Conditionals 

Conditional clauses consist of two parts: the if-clause (hypothesis) and the main clause (result).

When the if-clause comes before the main clause, the two clauses are separated with a comma.
Example:      If the weather is good, we will go on a pic nic. 

NOTE: We don´t use a comma when the if-clause follows the main clause.
Example: We will go on a picnic if the weather is good.

Modals-Ingles.

Modals

Probability:

First, they can be used when we want to say how sure we are that something happened / is happening / will happen. We often call these 'modals of deduction' or 'speculation' or 'certainty' or 'probability'.

For example:

• It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside.
• I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train.
• This bill can't be right. £200 for two cups of coffee!

Ability

We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability.

For example:

• She can speak six languages.
• My grandfather could play golf very well.
• I can't drive.

Obligation and Advice

We can use verbs such as 'must' or 'should' to say when something is necessary or unnecessary, or to give advice.

For example:

• Children must do their homework.
• We have to wear a uniform at work.
• You should stop smoking.

Permission

We can use verbs such as 'can', 'could' and 'may' to ask for and give permission. We also use modal verbs to say something is not allowed.

For example:

• Could I leave early today, please?
• You may not use the car tonight.
• Can we swim in the lake?

Habits

We can use 'will' and 'would' to talk about habits or things we usually do, or did in the past.

For example:

• When I lived in Italy, we would often eat in the restaurant next to my flat.
• John will always be late!

TEST GRAMMAR-Inglés

Hi!!!

UNIT 36

     Verbs with three parts:

• catch up with
• cut down on
• drop in on
• get along/on with
• keep up with 
• live up to
• look forward to
• look out onto/over
• put up with
• run out of

     Verbs with two parts:

• call for
• call on
• deal with
• get at
• get over
• head for 
• join in
• see to
• stand for
• take after

UNIT 37

   transitive and separable

• bring up
• call off
• clear up
• cut off
• fill in
• give up 
• knock out 
• let down
• look up
• pick up
• put off
• put  up
• take up 
• try on
• turn on/off
• wash up

   intransitive

• break down 
• drop out
• get on 
• get away
• grow up
• set off/out
• take off
• turn up

TEST STUDENTS´BOOK-Inglés

UNIT 13

VOCABULARY

• PART-TIME
• FULL-TIME
• TEMPORARY JOBS
• SELF-EMPLOYED
• SALARY
• WAGES
• ON COMMISSION
• SET BY

GRAMMAR: Reported questions

                   Have,do or be and modal questions: ONE TENSE BACK

                               

                                         IF/WHETHER : Do you want some more tea? asked Peter.

                                                                   Peter asked if/whether I wanted some mote tea.

                   

                    Wh-questions: ONE TENSE BACK

                                                                               What do you want for dinner? asked my mother

                                                                    My mother asked what I wanted for dinner.

VOCABULARY

• apply for a job
• make someone do sth.
• cause someone to do sth.
• approve of (doing) sth.
• complain about sth.
• be interested in (doing) sth-
• be made to do sth.
• be involved in (doing) sth.
• apologise for ( doing) sth.
• insist on (doing) sth.

GRAMMAR: Indirect questions

    1 Question marks

                The ones starting with a modal or an auxiliary : WITH QUESTION MARK

               The ones starting with"I wonder if you..." I would like to know...": NO QUESTION MARK

   2 Word order

                Do not use the question form.

   3 Have, or  be and modals questions; and Wh- questions:

                The same as in reported questions

    4 Tense changes

               

                 Do not change the tense.

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME-Ingles

Usamos "at" para:

At + hora del día

• At 6:30 - A las 6:30
• At 7 o'clock - A las siete
• At dawn - Al amanecer
• At lunchtime - Al mediodía
• At midnight - A la medianoche

At + día festivo

• At Christmas - En Navidad
• At Easter - En Pascuas
• At New Year - En Año Nuevo
• At Lent - En Cuaresma
• At Holy Week - En Semana Santa

At + ciertas expresiones

• At the moment - En este momento
• At the weekend - El fin de semana
• At that time - En ese tiempo
• At night - A la noche
• At noon - Al mediodía

Usamos "on" para:

On + día

• On Monday - El lunes
• On Tuesday - El martes
• On Wednesday - El miércoles
• On Thursday - El jueves

On + día + parte del día

• On Friday morning - El viernes por la mañana
• On Saturday afternoon - El sábado por la tarde
• On Sunday evening - El domingo a la noche

On + fechas

• On Christmas Day - El día de Navidad
• On July 4th - El 4 de Julio
• On December 31st 1966 - El 31 de diciembre de 1966

Usamos "in" para:

In + partes del día

• In the morning - Por la mañana
• In the afternoon - Por la tarde
• In the evening - Por la noche

In + meses

• In January - En enero
• In February - En febrero
• In May - En mayo

In + años

• In 1966 - En 1966
• In 1845 - En 1845
• In the 1960s - En los sesenta

In + estaciones del año

• In summer - En verano
• In spring - En primavera
• In fall / autumn - En otoño
• In winter - En invierno
• In the early summer - El comenzar el verano

In + largos períodos

• In the 19th century - En el siglo 19
• In the past - En el pasado
• In the future - En el futuro
• In the Middle Ages - En la Edad Media
• In the Stone Age - En la Edad de piedra

In + referencia al futuro

• I will be there in two days - Estaré allí en dos días
• In nine months - En nueve meses
• In five minutes - En cinco minutos
• In three years - En tres años
• In seven hours - En siete horas